GLOBAL LEGAL GROUP - THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE LEGAL GUIDE TO: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 2012
Contributed by Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC
26 June, 2012

Contributed by Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC [www.pavlaw.com]
Cyprus Chapter
1 Setting the Scene Sources and Overview
1.1 What are the main corporate entities to be discussed?
As a principle, corporate governance is relevant to all types of companies, both private and public. The present chapter shall focus on corporate governance rules, applicable to public limited companies listed on the Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE).
According to the Cypriot Companies Law, Cap. 113, as amended (the Companies Law), public limited companies must have at least seven shareholders and two directors. Moreover according to section 4A of the Companies Law the minimum share capital of such companies must be approximately Euro 25,650. While, public companies are able to issue securities to the public at large, nevertheless they must offer such on a pre-emptive basis to existing shareholders in proportion to their existing shareholding, unless the shareholders pass a special resolution with a two thirds majority of the votes cast in an extraordinary meeting of the company to authorise the Board to offer any new shares to one or more third parties without first offering them to the existing shareholders.
The Department of the Registrar of Companies and Official Receiver is responsible for the registration, compliance and winding up of companies, while the approvals for listing on the CSE are granted by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC), once CySEC is satisfied that all necessary requirements are met.
1.2 What are the main legislative, regulatory and other corporate governance sources?
The main relevant legislative provisions are included in the Companies Law. This Law initially mirrored the provisions of the UK Companies Act 1948, nevertheless it has not followed the subsequent amendments of the UK legislation. Case law however seems to be following to a great extent the case law that has been developed in the UK. The Companies Law governs the provisions of a Cyprus companys Memorandum and Articles of association. Public and private companies may also adopt wholly or partly the model regulations contained in Table A to the Companies Law..
Furthermore it should be noted that common law principles also apply, such as those concerning the fiduciary duties of directors, or for example the duty to act in good faith and for the benefit of the company.
Apart from the above, the relevant legislative framework consists also of:
The Cyprus Securities and Stock Exchange Laws of 1993-2007 as amended (and relevant regulations);
The Cyprus Security and Exchange Commission (Establishment and Responsibilities) Law, Law 64(1)/2001;
The Transparency Requirements Law, Law 190(I)/2007;
The Investment Services and Activities and Regulated Markets Law, 144(I)/2007;
The Inside Information and Manipulation of the Market (Abuse of the Market) Law, 116(I)/2005;
The Corporate Governance Code (3rd Edition), September 2009 (the Code).
CySEC frequently issues directives and circulars, which complement the corporate governance regulatory framework. CySEC was established as a public corporate body. Its primary responsibilities include the supervision of the CSE, of issuers of securities listed, the licensing of investments firms and the imposition of administrative sanctions and penalties upon persons or companies for infringement of the provisions of the stock market laws and regulations.
Following the 2000 recession of the Cyprus stock market, the CSE issued in 2002 the first corporate governance code with the aim of introducing a set of principles of corporate governance that would offer additional protection to the shareholders of listed companies.. Currently the third revised version of the code applies. It includes a set of legal principles rather than inflexible legal rules. It is only obligatory for companies listed on the Main Market and in part, it is also mandatory for companies listed on the Parallel Market. The primary aims of the Code include the strengthening of the monitoring role of the independent members of the Board in listed companies, the promotion of greater transparency and accountability, the protection of minority shareholders, as well as the safeguarding of the independence of the Board as a whole in its decision-making. It is worth noting that although Cypriot private companies are not bound by the provisions of the Code, they are encouraged to view it as guidance and use it as a best practice model.
Moreover since Cyprus accession in the European Union in 2004, Cyprus implements and complies in full with all relevant European Directives and Regulations.
1.3 What are the current topical issues, developments and trends in corporate governance?
Cyprus was recently (2008) approved as a country from which you can list companies in the Hong Kong stock exchange, having gone through the process of determining whether shareholder protection under Cyprus law is at least equal to the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance Code. The trend is to use the shares in the Cyprus company for the purposes of listing rather than submitting for listing the shares of companies holding the underlying assets, thus utilising the more flexible and shareholder friendly structure of the Cyprus companies. As a result, more and more Cyprus companies with their good regulatory environment and favourable tax structures, find themselves listed on foreign stock exchanges.
Recent studies show a positive trend in adopting the Code, with at least 40% of public companies complying in full with the Code. There is of course always further margin for improvement, especially since international collective investments schemes are becoming increasingly important for Cyprus.
2 Shareholders
2.1 What rights and powers do shareholders have in the operation and management of the corporate entity/entities?
Shareholders entrust the day to day management and operation of their companies to the directors. The Companies Law, however reserves certain matters for the competence and decision of the shareholders, through the passing of shareholders resolutions.
Company matters which are by law reserved for the shareholders to decide include the change of the companys name, alteration of the objects of the company, the alteration of its Memorandum and Articles of Association, increase or reduction of its share capital, variation of the classes of the shareholders rights, in certain cases the authorisation of the acquisition by the company of part of its own shares, the approval of an amalgamation or scheme of reconstruction, the appointment and removal of directors and auditors and the fixing of the remuneration of the same, the payment to a director for loss of office, the approval of final dividend, as proposed by the directors, the approval of the statutory report, the consent to allowing financial assistance for the purchase of the companys own shares and the passing of a resolution for the voluntary winding up of the company.
2.2 Can shareholders be liable for acts or omissions of the corporate entity/entities?
Cyprus companies are legal bodies with distinct personality from their shareholders; in general, the liability of shareholders in limited liability companies is limited to the amount of the capital they contribute on the shares for which they subscribe. The principle according to which a company must be treated as a person with its own distinct rights and obligations that differ from the rights and obligation of its shareholders or even its subsidiary or mother companies, is subject to certain exceptions, which are however more readily applicable to private rather than public companies. What may be said though is that if the controlling shareholders of a company use the company for their own personal purposes, they may be found to be liable.
2.3 Can shareholders be disenfranchised?
The articles of association (including regulation 22 of Table A) usually provide that unless all calls (on shares) or all the sums that have become payable by a shareholder to the company have been paid, the shareholder is not allowed to vote at general meetings. There are also provisions relating to forfeiture of shares that have not been paid, however this is unlikely to apply to public listed companies as the market practice requires that the shares of these companies are paid up upon subscription.
Section 201 of the Companies Law gives an offeror a statutory right to buy out the minority shareholders and subject to at least ninety per cent of the shareholders accepting the offer the offeror can force the remaining ten per cent of shareholders to sell their shares.
2.4 Can shareholders seek enforcement action against members of the management body?
The Cyprus courts will generally not interfere with the internal management of the company. However, in some situations it is possible of the minority shareholders to bring a derivative action, i.e. a personal action against a director on the companys behalf. Situations in which a derivative action can be brought include matters of fraud against the minority, negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust and others. The company is joined as a nominal defendant to the derivative action. If the shareholders wish to take action in respect of their personal rights against the company, then they do so in their personal capacity and a derivative action is not necessary.
According to section 202 of the Companies Law any shareholder who complains that the affairs of the company are being conducted in an oppressive manner to some of the shareholders, may apply for a court order and provided that the court believes that the winding-up of the company would unfairly prejudice the rights of the minority, the court may step in and either regulate the workings of future company affairs or order the company or the majority shareholders to purchase the complainants shares. In case the personal right of a shareholder is violated, then the shareholder can file a personal action against the wrongdoer to rectify such an infringement.
2.5 Are there any limitations on, and disclosures required, in relation to interests in securities held by shareholders in the corporate entity/entities?
Persons dealing with a company are generally protected by the disclosure of information. The Companies Law contains several provisions for disclosure which target transparency and best practice in corporate governance. Specifically these are in relation to the registers of members, directors and secretaries, shareholdings, debenture-holders, charges, statutory financial obligations and annual returns.
In addition, an interested entity can perform a search in the file of a company through the Registrar of Companies in exchange of a nominal fee. Although for public listed companies such a search will not reveal the names and percentages of the shareholders, an interested party may ask the company secretary to provide him with a copy of the register of members of the company.
The Transparency Requirements Law also provides that certain information has to be publicly disclosed. Specifically, as regards to interests in securities held by shareholders in the company it provides that a shareholder, who acquires or disposes shares, which incorporate voting rights, has the obligation to disclose to (a) the company and (b) to CySEC the percentage of voting rights the shareholder possesses. This is done if, as a result, in case of an acquisition, this percentage reaches or exceeds, or, in case of a disposal, it reaches or is below the limits of five per cent or ten per cent or fifteen per cent or twenty per cent or thirty per cent or fifty per cent or seventy-five per cent of the total company voting rights.
2.6 What shareholder meetings are commonly held and what rights do shareholders have as regards them?
Annual general meetings and extraordinary general meetings of the shareholders are regulated by the Companies Law and by the companys articles. The first AGM must be held within eighteen months from the date of incorporation and thereafter yearly but no later than fifteen months from the date of the previous meeting. Matters discussed at AGMs are normally the consideration of the financial statements of the Company and the auditors and directors reports, the election of directors and the appointment and remuneration of the auditors.
Extraordinary meetings can be held after application of shareholders who hold no less than one tenth (1/10) of the companys shares that have a right of vote at general meetings or by the directors of the company. Shareholders have the right to pass resolutions at general meetings. They have the power to pass ordinary resolutions, which require a simple majority of those present and voting, extraordinary resolutions, which require a seventy-five per cent majority and special resolutions, which require a seventy-five per cent majority and a period of twenty-one days notice.
3 Management Body and Management
3.1 Who manages the corporate entity/entities and how?
The management of a Cyprus company rests with the directors. The Companies Law provides for a one-tier structure under which the Board of Directors performs its functions. The Board exercises its powers as a whole, thus such powers are not delegated to individual directors but committees are advisable to be formed as mentioned below. Also an individual director can represent the company if so authorised by a resolution of the Board or an attorney be appointed by virtue of a Power of Attorney granted by the company.
The Code confirms the principle that a listed company should be governed by an effective Board, which provides guidance and controls the company. The Code in section A.2 advises that the Board should include a balance of independent Non-Executive and remaining Directors, such that no individual Director or a small group of Directors can dominate the Boards decision-making. Non-Executive Directors should also have sufficient abilities, knowledge and experience, since their opinions carry significant weight in the decision-making.
The Code also suggests the establishment of three different Committees of the Board. Subject to section A.4.1 of the Code the Nomination Committee leads the process for board appointments and makes recommendations to the Board. Section B.1.1 of the Code provides that the Remuneration Committee makes recommendations regarding the remuneration policy, while the Audit Committee according to section C.3.2 submits proposals to the Board as regards the appointment, termination and remuneration of the auditors and keeps under continuous review the scope, results and cost-effectiveness of the audit and the independence and objectivity of the auditors. However the Code encourages the Board, to proceed with the establishment of more committees, when necessary
3.2 How are members of the management body appointed and removed?
By virtue of section A.4 of the Code, there should be a formal and transparent procedure for the appointment of new Directors, who should be competent, suitable and able to participate in the Board. Directors should resign at regular intervals and at least every three years and can submit themselves for re-election at the general meeting.
The first directors are appointed either by being named in the Articles or by a clause giving the subscribers the power to appoint them. Subsequent directors are elected by the shareholders in the manner set out in the Articles.
According to section 178 of the Companies Law, a company can by ordinary resolution remove a director, prior to the expiration of his period of office, irrespective of any provisions included in the Articles or in any other contact. However the director concerned retains the right to submit relevant written representations.
The Companies Law does not set any requirements regarding the age or nationality of directors. Nonetheless according to standard practice in order for a company to be considered as a Cyprus resident for tax reasons, the majority of the Board should be Cypriot residents. This is one of the criteria proving that a companys management and control is exercised in Cyprus.
3.3 What are the main legislative, regulatory and other sources impacting on contracts and remuneration of members of the management body?
The Code recommends that companies should establish a formal and transparent procedure for developing a policy on executive Directors remuneration and for ascertaining the remuneration packages. As a principle, Directors should not be involved in deciding their remuneration. A Remuneration Committee should be established, consisting of Non-Executive Directors for the purposes of making recommendations to the Board on the Executive Directors context and level of remuneration, which is finally approved by the General Meeting.
The level of remuneration should of course be sufficient to attract and retain the Directors required to manage and administer the company successfully. Nevertheless companies should avoid paying more than its necessary for this purpose. The Code also advises that a proportion of the remuneration of Executive Directors should be structured in a way as to link rewards to corporate and individual performance.
In all cases, according to Article 76 of Table A regulations, the General Meeting is able to decide on the remuneration of the Directors. Pursuant to section 188 of the Companies Law, details regarding the Directors remuneration must be included in the financial statements presented before the General Meeting.
3.4 What are the limitations on, and what disclosure is required in relation to, interests in securities held by members of the management body in the corporate entity/entities?
Subject to the provisions of The Inside Information and Manipulation of the Market (Abuse of the Market) Law when directors hold confidential information about the company, they cannot purchase or sell any of its financial instruments. Breach of the relevant provision entails serious sanctions. Directors of a company cannot buy or sell the companys financial instruments during closed periods or without the prior written consent of the Board. Furthermore directors are required to report all relevant transactions to CSE and CySEC and publish such on the companys website.
Every company must maintain a Register regarding the shares held by each Director in that company or in any other subsidiaries or affiliated companies.
3.5 What is the process for meetings of members of the management body?
The companys Articles contain provisions regarding the process for the meetings of the directors, which normally concern the required quorum, the necessary notice and the voting requirements. There is no statutory requirement regarding the minimum number of meetings per year; again the Articles may include provisions regulating such.
The Code in section A.1.1 provides that the Board should meet regularly at least six times a year, while according to section A.1.2 the meetings should have a formal schedule of matters. The Code advises that the Chairman of the Board is responsible for the proper running of the meeting and should ensure that all the issues on the agenda are sufficiently supported by all available information. Moreover the minutes of a meeting, should contain details on the resolutions taken and should be at the disposal of all Directors the soonest possible following the meeting and in any case before the next one.
A director who has a personal interest in a matter is obliged to declare his interest and, depending on the Articles, he may be excluded from voting or he may not be counted at all for quorum purposes.
3.6 What are the principal general legal duties and liabilities of members of the management body?
In general, directors must act in good faith, in the best interests of the company and for the benefit of its members as a whole and in doing so they should have regard to the long-term consequences of their decisions and the impact on the companys reputation in the market.
Directors owe a duty to the company to manage it according to the Cypriot and European Union Laws and Regulations, as well as to its Memorandum and Articles. When in breach of this fiduciary duty, Directors shall be liable for any loss caused either by illegal acts or by ultra vires acts.
Furthermore a duty of care in common law exists, which includes a duty not to act negligently in managing the affairs of the company. Nevertheless, according to section 383(1) of Companies Law if the Directors act honestly and reasonably in the light of the specific circumstances of the case, they cannot be held liable.
Moreover the directors are responsible for the settlement of any conflict of interest between the directors and the shareholders and any associated or related parties. One of their roles is to monitor the company, its activities and related risks.
In addition a number of statutory provisions impose various notification or disclosure or reporting duties on the Directors, especially regarding to the acquisition and disposals of shares of the company. Breach of statutory duties may result in sanctions and penalties.
3.7 What are the main specific corporate governance responsibilities/functions of members of the management body?
The Boards of Directors of the Companies to which the Code applies, decide for a number of issues exclusively reserved for them. These include among others, the objects and strategic policy of the company, the annual budget and business plan, the significant capital expenditures, the mergers, acquisitions and allocations of the companys assets, as well as the adoption and any changes in the application of accounting principles.
According to sectionA.2.1 of the Code, the Board should include a sufficient number of Non-Executive Directors having adequate knowledge and experience to assist in decision making. In fact, non-executive Directors should be no less than one third of the board.
Furthermore the Board should maintain a sound system of internal control to safeguard the investments of shareholders and the assets of the company. Section C.2.1 provides that Directors should annually review the effectiveness of the internal control systems, together with the procedures utilized to confirm the accuracy and validity of the information provided to investors and should report such in the Report on Corporate Governance. This review should include all systems of internal control, financial, operational and compliance systems and systems for risk management. The Board should also certify annually therein that it took no cognizance of any violation of the applicable Laws and Regulations.
3.8 What public disclosures concerning management body practices are required?
The sole requirement introduced by the Code regarding disclosure of practices is the obligation of the Board to issue the Annual Report on Corporate Governance. This report should include inter alia an assessment of internal control and other financial, operational and compliance systems, a verification that the company has not violated any relevant Laws and Regulations and a reference to any loans granted, any guarantees provided and to the companys accounts. Moreover the company must state in the first part of the report whether the principles of the Code are being implemented and confirm in the second part that it complies with such and if not, give relevant explanations.
3.9 Are indemnities, or insurance, permitted in relation to members of the management body and others?
The Articles or a contract may include provisions regarding the indemnification of Directors. Nonetheless such provisions shall be void regarding any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which the Director may be guilty, concerning the company.
A Director can in fact obtain insurance against personal liability in the exercise of his duties as director of the company and the company may pay the insurance premium.
4 Corporate Social Responsibility
4.1 What, if any, is the law, regulation and practice concerning corporate social responsibility?
Although awareness on corporate social responsibility is growing, this is yet to be transposed into Cyprus law. Corporate social responsibility is evident in various internal policies that have been developed over time and through the introduction of social events aiming to raise awareness and to encourage collective contribution particularly in the health, education and environment sectors. This tendency is expected to grow, particularly having in mind the renewed EU strategy for corporate social responsibility which aims to secure sustainable growth, responsible behaviour and a durable employment generation encouraging European companies to take into account the principles envisaged in the UN Global Compact, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the ISO 26000 Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility.
4.2 What, if any, is the role of employees in corporate governance?
Although employees do not play an active role in corporate governance, particularly since they are not regulated under the Companies Law or the Code, they nevertheless contribute by way of compliance with internal policies, rules and practices that each company may have.
5 Transparency and Reporting
5.1 Who is responsible for disclosure and transparency?
The company or its administrative and management bodies are responsible for the formulation and publication of the required information.
5.2 What corporate governance related disclosures are required?
The corporate governance disclosures can be found in the main body of the Transparency Law, the Code, the Market Manipulation Law and the Companies Law.
A. Transparency Law
Where the transferable securities of the legal entity have been admitted to trading on a regulated market, the provisions of the Transparency Law will be applicable which require the following disclosures to be made:
1 Financial Disclosures
(a) The latest within four months after the end of each financial year, an annual financial report comprising of:
(i) annual financial statements;
(ii) directors report;
(iii) a statement by the Board, the general and financial directors confirming that the annual financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting standards, they reflect the true and fair view of the financial standing of the entity and the directors report provides a fair view of the development and performance of the business together with a description of the major risks and uncertainties faced.
(b) The latest within two months after the end of the first half of the financial year, half-yearly financial reports containing:
(i) interim financial statements;
(ii) an interim management report containing, inter alia, a detailed and extensive economic analysis, declarations of income deriving from extraordinary activities, comparative economic analysis with the previous year, the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining 6 months and any other substantial information which affect or could affect the evaluation.
(iii) a statement by the Board, the general and financial directors confirming that the annual financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting standards, they reflect a the true and fair view of the financial standing of the entity and confirming that the content of the management report provides a fair view of the information contained therein.
(c) An interim management statement must further be published during the first and second half of the financial year. It must include an explanation of the material events and transactions that have taken place and their impact on the financial position of the entity together with a general description of the financial position and performance of the entity.
(d) Quarterly financial reports may need to be published if:
(i) it is decided by the board of the CSE;
(ii) pursuant to the obligations imposed by the regulated market; or
(iii) by the companys own initiative.
(e) Indicative results must further be disclosed as soon as possible or the latest within two months form the end of the financial year in relation to the net gain or loss after tax for the full financial year accompanied by a report which includes, inter alia the following:
(i) a detailed and extensive economic analysis of the results;
(ii) a declaration of any income from non recurring or extraordinary activities;
(iii) an extensive and detailed comparative economic analysis of the figures for the period in comparison to the previous year evidencing the changes and differences between the two periods as an indication of important events which occurred during the first six months of the financial year and their impact on the interim financial statements; and
(iv) any other substantive information.
2. Ongoing Obligations
(a) A company acquiring or disposing its own shares must disclose the total amount of the said shares, provided the shares amount to or exceed 5% or 10% of the total voting rights in the case of an acquisition or amount to or fall below the said thresholds in the case of a disposal.
(b) Where an increase or decrease of the total capital and voting rights occurs, a disclosure must be made by the company at the end of each calendar month during which such increase or decrease has occurred.
(c) Upon receipt of any notification, the company must disclose all the information contained therein as soon as possible and in any event before the close of the next business day following receipt of the notification.
(d) Where a draft proposal for the amendment of the companys memorandum and articles, is made, the company must notify the details to CySEC and the regulated market upon which the securities are traded. This must be done soon as possible and the latest before the general meeting for the examination of the proposed amendment is convened.
(e) When a change is made to the rights attaching to various classes of shares, including the variation of rights attaching to derivative securities, the company must disclose the said change immediately.
3 Establishing communication between the company and its security holders
(a) Additional obligations arise for the purpose of ensuring equal treatment between shareholders holding shares of the same class. Particularly, the company must ensure that all necessary facilities and information are available allowing the shareholders or security holders to exercise their rights. The company is specifically obliged to provide information in relation to the place, date and agenda of meetings, the total number of shareholders and their voting rights and to further publish announcements and issue circulars in relation to the allocation and distribution of dividends or the issue of new shares, including information on any arrangements for allotment, subscription, cancellation or conversion.
4. Disclosures relating to the acquisition or disposal of shares which attach voting rights:
(a) Where a shareholder acquires or disposes shares attaching voting rights in the company, the company and CySEC must be notified of the percentage of rights held by such shareholder if, in the case of an acquisition, the percentage of voting rights reaches or exceeds the thresholds of 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% or 50% or in the case of a disposal the voting rights reach or fall below the said thresholds. The same obligations arise where an equivalent event occurs, changing the breakdown of the voting rights and where the voting rights are inter alia held by a third party. Similar provisions are applicable where financial instruments held in the company entitle the holder to acquire shares attaching voting rights. The obligation to notify in this case arises where at the date of maturity the holder of the financial instrument has an unconditional right to acquire the underlying shares or the discretion to acquire such shares.
B The Code
The Code outlines the content that should be included in the directors corporate governance report which accompanies the annual report. The report must specify whether the company complies with the Code and the extent to which it implements its principles. The Code particularly emphasises on internal transparency as regards the procedure for appointment of new directors, directors remuneration, maintaining an appropriate relationship with the companys auditors. Principle B.3 further provides that the companys report should contain a statement of the remuneration policy and related criteria as well as details of the remuneration of executive and non-executive directors.
C. Market abuse
The Market Manipulation Law, imposes further disclosure obligations for the purpose of eliminating insider dealing and market manipulation. In accordance with section 11 of the said Law, companies dealing in financial instruments, which are traded on a regulated market, must publish as soon as possible inside information, which directly concerns them and significantly affects the prices of the instruments. The information must be published:
By announcement to Cyprus stock exchange; and
Announcement to CySEC;
Announcement on the website of the company if the company maintains one.
D. Companies Law
In addition to the above, a company, whether private or public, must ensure that all the disclosure and notification requirements under the Companies Law are likewise complied with.
5.3 What is the role of audit and auditors in such disclosures?
Under the Transparency Law
The role of the auditors is to review the financial statements outlined in 5.2 above, and to issue an audit report.
Under the Companies Law
In addition to the above, the Companies Law provides that at every AGM the company must appoint an auditor from the end of the AGM until the end of the next AGM. In accordance with Cyprus Law every public company must have its financial statements audited. The auditors must be properly licensed to conduct the audit and whilst undertaking the statutory audit:
(a) the auditors must be independent from the audited entity;
(b) the auditors must not be involved in its decision making body;
(c) there must not be a direct or indirect economic or professional, employment or other relationship.
5.4 What corporate governance information should be published on websites?
Where the company has admitted its securities on a regulated market, the Transparency Laws require that all the information outlined in 5.2 above which the company is obliged to disclose together with any additional information as may be specified in circulars issued by CySEC, must be published on the companys website. This information must further be communicated to CySEC and CySEC may additionally publish the information on its website.
In accordance with the Companies Law, if a company has a website, it is further obliged to publish thereon its name, registration number, the nature of the company (whether it is public or private) and its registered office.
LAW FIRM & AUTHOR DETAILS
Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC is a multi-award winning international law firm based in Cyprus.
With their combined skills and knowledge, lawyers provide expert comprehensive legal advice on: Corporate Law and Mergers & Acquisitions; Banking & Finance Law; Litigation & Dispute Resolution; Capital Markets; Tax Law & International Tax Planning; Real Estate, Trusts & Asset Protection; Intellectual Property; IT, Internet & E-Commerce; Administrative & Constitutional Law; and Ship Registration.
Founded in 1963 by Mr. Patrikios Pavlou, a barrister (Grays Inn, UK) from Limassol, the firm developed into a partnership, Patrikios Pavlou & Co, in the late 1970s. Through the years, the firms vision, dedication and professionalism led to a steady and successful growth and since July 2010, the law firm has evolved into a new entity, Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC. Today, the firm is one of the largest and most successful law firms in Cyprus with an esteemed network of associates and a strong client portfolio worldwide.
Author 1 Name: Stella Strati
Address: Patrician Chambers, 332 Agiou Andreou Str., 3035 Limassol, Cyprus
Tel: 357 25 871599
Fax: 357 25 344548
Email: stella.strati@pavlaw.com
URL: www.pavlaw.com
Brief Biography
Stella Strati is an advocate in the corporate department of Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC. She received her law degree from the University of Athens in Greece in 2003 and then she returned to Cyprus where she was admitted to the Cyprus Bar Association in 2005. Stella also obtained an LLM in European Commercial law from the University of Leicester in 2006. She is a member of the International Bar Association and the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners (STEP). Stella has gained extensive teaching experience while teaching A-Level law to young students at a local private institute and as an Adjunct Professor with The George Washington University during 2011. She has authored several publications and she is fluent in Greek, English and German.
Author 2 Name: Angeliki Epaminonda
Address: Patrician Chambers, 332 Agiou Andreou Str., 3035 Limassol, Cyprus
Tel: 357 25 871599
Fax: 357 25 344548
Email: aepaminonda@pavlaw.com
URL: www.pavlaw.com
Brief Biography
Angeliki Epaminonda received her LLB from Keele University in the UK in 2008 and then continued to do the Legal Practice Course at Kaplan Law School in London in 2009. She joined Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC as a trainee lawyer in the beginning of 2010 and she was admitted to the Cyprus Bar Association within the same year. Since then, Angeliki is practicing in the areas of corporate, commercial and financial law and mergers and acquisitions. She is fluent in English, Greek, French and has a good knowledge of the Italian language.
Author 3 Name: Elena Georgiou
Address: Patrician Chambers, 332 Agiou Andreou Str., 3035 Limassol, Cyprus
Tel: 357 25 871599
Fax: 357 25 344548
Email: egeorgiou@pavlaw.com
URL: www.pavlaw.com
Brief Biography
Elena Georgiou is an advocate in the corporate department of Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC. She received an LLB Honours degree from the University of Kent in 2009 and then she acquired an LLM from Kings College London in 2010. Elena then returned to Cyprus and she was admitted to the Cyprus Bar Association in 2011. She joined the corporate department of Patrikios Pavlou & Associates LLC in September 2011. Elena is fluent in Greek and English and she has a basic knowledge of the Slovak and Spanish languages.
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- » Real Estate Company Setup in Dubai - Things to Know for the Foreign Investor
- January (11)
- » Holding in Estonia, Holding in Latvia - Tools for Special Purposes
- » Brexit: Should I use the UK as a holding company location?
- » Inheritance tax when receiving from abroad
- » Which Program Shall I Apply For? Two Basic Yet Deciding Factors to Consider With Citizenship-by-Investment Programs
- » Different Styles Of Trading A Newbie Must Be Ready To Learn
- » Gambling and betting laws in Cyprus - The possibility of foreign companies to operate in Cyprus
- » The Evolution of Assets
- » Can a US Citizen Have an Offshore Bank Account?
- » Everyone Wants A Second Passport: Here's How Much It Really Costs
- » Covid-19 and Directors' Obligations in Malta
- » Can a 'force majeure' clause be invoked in view of COVID-19?
- 2020
- December (15)
- » How to set up a family office in Singapore
- » The Elephant in the Room - Economic Substance
- » St Lucia is No.1 Citizenship by Investment Program in the World
- » Why Panama is the best jurisdiction for registering yachts and ships
- » All you need to know about setting up a business in Hong Kong
- » Do offshore trusts really confer asset protection in this day and age?
- » The Malta Shipping Register: The Largest Shipping Register Worldwide
- » ZEDRA reports ongoing boom in HNW family business in Hong Kong
- » Cyprus Companies: Interrelationship between Articles of Association and Shareholders' Agreement
- » Company Setup in UAE - What new entrepreneurs and investors need to know? A Detailed Guide
- » Protecting And Growing Assets: Belize Trust Or Panama Foundation?
- » Building headquarters in Cyprus - Substance
- » Efficient Tax Planning for a Company in Switzerland with Foreign Shareholders
- » Company in Switzerland: some ideas to reduce costs and increase flexibility
- » What should I invest in, in 2021? How can I protect my assets?
- November (15)
- » Relationship Between Ethereum IRA and COVID-19
- » Where can you register a company and open a bank account remotely?
- » Who Needs an Offshore Bank Account?
- » Ex'Tax Project: How post-pandemic tax reform can create jobs and sustainable growth
- » Belarus Implements Tax Exemption for Forex Trading
- » Advice for opening an offshore corporate bank account
- » How to Protect Your Credit Score During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- » Investing in Gold: Why It's Smart and Will Remain a Sound Strategy
- » Malta Budget 2021 snippets: how will you benefit?
- » MFSA publishes revised loan funds rules framework
- » What are International Banks?
- » New Giant in Banking Sector: Merger of Credit Suisse and UBS
- » How Does the U.S. Tax System Work?
- » Minority Shareholder Oppression in Cyprus: An Overview
- » Cyprus - Capital Gains Tax and disposal of securities
- October (10)
- » Eight Benefits of International Lending
- » Three Offshore Resources That Should Be Part Of Your Financial Planning
- » Changes in the field of taxation in Hungary due to the pandemic situation
- » Identifying profitable trends in the Forex market
- » The perfect platform for rookie CFD traders
- » Marios Kalochoritis: My choice for Business Friendly, the United Arab Emirates
- » How can I protect my assets? Learn how you can
- » Income Tax in Germany
- » Online Trading During the Coronavirus Pandemic
- » What is an Offshore Prepaid Visa Card?
- September (8)
- » Investing in Gold: Things to Understand About Gold Loan Programs
- » Joint Ventures
- » Malta sets up the National Foreign Direct Investment Screening Office
- » Implementation of economic substance requirements and its impact on UAE entities
- » How to Import and Export Goods in UAE - Things to Know
- » Seven Things to Consider Before Opening an Offshore Bank Account
- » Cyprus Tonnage Tax System
- » Citizenship vs Fiscal Residency: Becoming a UAE Fiscal Resident
- August (9)
- » Offshore Banking Institutions: Nine Reasons Why They'll Remain Popular
- » Backpacking Vs Student Language Courses Abroad
- » A favourable allowance for employees in Hungary
- » Why Now is the Best Time to Start a Business in UAE
- » Eight Offshore Banking Trends
- » Isle of Man: A World Leader in Cryptocurrency
- » Five Strategic Industry Sectors Ideal for Foreign Direct Investment in the UAE
- » Cyprus International Trust
- » The UAE - Another version of a safe haven
- July (11)
- » Investing money in the crypto industry like a pro
- » How to develop realistic expectations while trading?
- » Understanding the Online Forex Trading Instruments
- » Rock solid: Re-domiciling to Gibraltar
- » How is UAE Attracting Global Investors Post COVID-19?
- » What is a Gold Loan Program?
- » Important Notice: Information pertaining to the Beneficial Owners of Maltese Companies
- » Cell Companies Now Offer Asset Structuring Opportunities in the Shipping and Aviation Sector
- » Financial Diversification with Offshore Banking and Investing
- » Hungary: significant tax advantages for smaller companies
- » Cyprus: Merger and Cross-Border Merger
- June (32)
- » Cyprus Alternative investment fund (AIF) and Registered Alternative Investment Fund (RAIF)
- » Crypto Hedge Fund Managers choose Gibraltar, PwC Elwood Hedge Fund Report confirms
- » VAT Rates in Cyprus
- » 10 Tips How to Choose a Good Professional Business College for Studying
- » Due Diligence
- » Amendments to Hong Kong's Anti-Money Laundering Ordinance
- » VAT Registration in UAE and its Implications for Businesses
- » Guernsey lays out plans to comply with MLD5 and demonstrates its robust regulation and commitment to fighting financial crime
- » Setting up an E-business in the UAE - Why participate in the fastest-growing E-commerce market of the Middle East
- » Cyprus Holding Company Advantages
- » Wealth Preservation in an Ever-Changing Environment
- » Why you Should be Investing in Gold Today
- » Zedra Funds sees strong demand for ESG focused funds and company structures as a future trend
- » Lowest Tax Countries: Top Three Pitfalls to Avoid in 2020
- » The Updated EU Blacklist And What It Means For The UAE
- » Benefits of Cyprus international trust regime
- » Most Impactful Economic Bubbles In History
- » What every business should consider during the "Year of the Coronavirus"
- » Get the Basics on What Causes a Currency Crisis
- » Cyprus: Notional interest deduction (NID) - Article 9B (Deduction on New Equity)
- » Cyprus tax residency and Non-domicile concept
- » Resolving disputes during the Covid19 pandemic - could online mediation be the answer?
- » Individual investment in Cyprus during COVID-19 pandemic
- » Gibraltar: Insolvency (Amendment) Bill 2020
- » Estate Planning - A General Overview
- » Cyprus company tax benefits and other relevant incentives
- » Company Formation Types in Malta
- » Zedra bullish on future for aviation and private marine industries, thinks structural changes will come
- » Four Surprising Benefits of Investing in Gold
- » Tax ID (Steuer-ID) in Berlin - Living in Germany
- » A World of Opportunity: Residency and Citizenship-by-Investment in UAE, Montenegro, St Lucia, and Malta
- » Why incorporate a company in Panama?
- May (10)
- » Understanding the Belize Offshore Trust Structure and Why You Need One
- » Business Setup in Dubai - Five Top Freezones for Company Formation
- » Your foolproof guide to filing taxes
- » COVID-19 and Transfer Pricing Considerations
- » Transfer Pricing in India
- » Estonian Tonnage Tax instead of Corporate Tax for maritime companies - no income tax on crew members' remuneration
- » Six Benefits Of Second Citizenship For The Entrepreneur
- » Why Gold is Appealing as an Investment
- » What are Banking Liquidity Ratios and Why Should You Care?
- » Holding Remote Board Meetings
- April (15)
- » How to increase your Tax Savings by Company Formation in the UAE - for Foreign Investors
- » Fine-Tuning of Certain Aspects of the Malta Legal Framework in Response to Coronavirus
- » Nine Practical Reasons to Open a Bank Account in Belize
- » Offshore Investing Tips: The Top 14 Reasons To Invest In Belize
- » Are family businesses better prepared to survive during economic turmoil, asks ZEDRA?
- » Better Ways to Day Trade Breakouts
- » The impact of COVID-19 on tax residency in Gibraltar
- » The 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive and the Register of the Ultimate Beneficial Owners
- » Master the entrepreneurial mindset with these tips
- » Investing in the US: The Land of Opportunities
- » Company registration in Latvia, overview in a nutshell
- » Company Formation in Romania
- » Setting up a Startup in Dubai - 6 Things to Know
- » Coronavirus Fiscal Assistance in Malta: Deferral of Payment of Certain Taxes
- » Why Belize is Amongst the Best for Offshore Banking
- March (9)
- » New Zealand Cryptocurrency and Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
- » Why You Should Choose Belize for International Banking Services
- » Seychelles Forex & Brokerage (FX) Seychelles Securities Dealer Licence
- » Open a Cryptocurrency Company in Ireland
- » Coronavirus: Luigi Wewege discusses risks to the Global Banking System
- » Luigi Wewege discusses the impact of coronavirus on global investors
- » How to set up your goals in the investment business
- » What is an FBAR and How Do I File One?
- » Hong Kong/China Report
- February (13)
- » Why Incorporate an offshore company in the British Virgin Islands?
- » Why Offshore Banking Should Be a Part of Your Financial Strategy
- » VAT debts and time to pay arrangements
- » Things to Know Before Making Big Purchases
- » Corporate income tax in Central and Eastern Europe: overview of basic rules and legislation
- » How to Start a Company in the UAE to Save Tax?
- » Opening a Retail Shop in Dubai
- » Eight Basic Steps to Setup Your Business in Dubai
- » Legislative Reform Programme (LRP): Commencement of Gibraltar's Financial Services Act 2019
- » What are the options to Start a Business in Dubai Free Zone
- » Dual Business License in Dubai
- » Free Zone Business Setup IFZA
- » Setting up a Fitness Centre in Dubai
- January (12)
- » Spa License and Business Setup in Dubai
- » Business Setup in DAFZA
- » Looking at Starting a Warehouse Business in Fujairah, UAE?
- » Business Setup in Dubai Gold and Diamond Park
- » Understanding the Functions of an Offshore Bank Account
- » Top Reasons for Choosing Cyprus Company Formation
- » General information about the lawyer profession in Romania
- » How to get a Free Zone Professional License in Dubai?
- » Guidance for High Value Dealers in Gibraltar
- » Get a Great Start to 2020 with an Offshore Banking Account
- » Seven Key Differences Between Common Law And Civil Law
- » US Limited Liability Companies - New Reporting Requirement for Single-Member LLCs
- December (15)
- 2019
- December (10)
- » How Brexit Will Affect UK Pension Transfers Abroad
- » UK votes for Brexit, significant regulatory and taxation changes to follow, thinks ZEDRA
- » Interested In International Banking In Belize? FAQs You Should Know
- » Dubai Free Zones - Import and Export Procedures
- » New Zealand Financial Services Provider (FSP) Registration: Recent Legal Requirements
- » Understand The Four Common Types Of Banking Institutions
- » Utilising Hong Kong For International Trade
- » New Zealand Limited Partnership: A full Tax-Exempt option for International Trade
- » Forex Risk Management
- » New Zealand Financial Services Provider (FSP) Registration: General information about NZ FSP
- November (19)
- » Setting up a Business in Canada: Limited Partnership in Canada
- » Setting up your Business Company in Malta
- » Business Opportunities in Malta
- » Advantages of Setting up a Business in Canada: Limited Partnership
- » Cyprus: An Excellent European Option For International Trade For Those Looking For A Sound Solution To International Developments
- » Panama Vs Belize - International Business Company Formation
- » Setting up a Business in Bulgaria
- » Malta: Amendments made to the Qualifying Employment in Innovation and Creativity (Personal Tax) Rules
- » What You Should Know About the Ins and Outs of the Belize Banking System
- » Advantages of Registering Your Business Company in Bulgaria
- » Incorporation in Hong Kong
- » Introduction of Economic Substance Regulations in UAE
- » Company Registration in Ireland
- » The Isle of Man: A World Leader in Cryptocurrency
- » Belize Versus Panama - Which Offshore Foundation Should You Use
- » Making Waves: The Advantages of EU Resident Seafarers Paying National Insurance in Malta
- » Company formation in Sweden, overview in a nutshell
- » Just what is offshore banking?
- » Cyprus Company without your presence
- October (16)
- » Why should cryptocurrency investors be interested in Portugal?
- » Malta Gaming Authority Publishes Guidance Document On Brexit Impact
- » Banking In Belize: Is It Still A Safe Option For You To Consider?
- » Understanding The Role Of International Banking In Belize's Economy
- » Gibraltar best placed for Double Taxation Agreements following signed UK treaty
- » Four Countries with Low or No Income Taxes
- » 2019 International Tax Competitiveness Index Rankings
- » Major amendments to Taiwan Company Act on August 1, 2018
- » Top 3 International Banking Jurisdictions and What Makes Them the Best
- » Poland introduces a new VAT rate system starting from April 1, 2020
- » Manage Your Wealth with Offshore Banking in Belize
- » How to stay updated with the latest Tax Laws
- » Habibullah & Co. Newsflash
- » Take a tax holiday in Mauritius
- » Cyprus Virtual Office Services
- » Closing the Books on Three Offshore Banking Misconceptions
- September (6)
- » What You Need To Know About The Setup And Use Of An Offshore Corporation
- » Understanding Legislative Changes In Belize And How They Impact IBCs
- » Corporate Tax Migration to Malta - Option for Hong Kong Companies
- » Can a Freezone Company do Business in the Mainland of Dubai?
- » Inventive Financing Options For Small Business Entrepreneurs
- » What is the difference between a SIPP, an international SIPP, and a QROPS?
- August (9)
- » Five Primary Examples Of Offshore Asset Protection Benefits In Belize
- » Gibraltar-Spain Tax Treaty
- » Golden Visa: the fastest way to obtain a European passport
- » How to Set Up a Retail Business in the UAE?
- » What are the Freelance Options available in UAE?
- » PSD2 Implemented into Maltese Law: What Now?
- » Cyprus Holding Company Advantages
- » Malta: Consolidated Group (Income Tax) Rules, 2019
- » Tax benefits of Cyprus for foreign nationals
- July (13)
- » Nine Reasons Why You Need To Open An Offshore Bank Account Today
- » The revolution in the fight against aggressive tax planning
- » Inventive Financing Options For Small Business Entrepreneurs
- » Corporate Tax Benefits of Hungary
- » Exciting developments at the Maritime Week Gibraltar 2019
- » Importance of Financial Literacy for College Students
- » Cyprus Film Production Scheme
- » US Trusts for US and non-US clients
- » Company Registration in Dubai, UAE - Experience, Challenges and the Process
- » Inheritance and Property Tax
- » Brexit: Deal or No Deal?
- » How to Protect Your Small Business from a Data Breach
- » What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Banking?
- June (7)
- » FAQs on Indian Permanent Account Number (PAN)
- » Indian Withholding tax rates under provision of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement
- » Seven Trends in Offshore Banking
- » Three Advantages Of Belize Offshore Banking
- » Mauritius: Budget Brief 2019-2020
- » The Tax Benefits of Banking and Investing in Belize
- » Understanding Belize International Foundations - What You Need To Know
- May (5)
- April (6)
- » Always trade with low-risk exposure to protect your capital
- » Do not go against the system of the marketplace
- » Cyprus Bank Account
- » International Tax Agreement signed between the UK and Spain relating to Gibraltar
- » How to Set Up a Crypto Exchange Licence in the EU: Estonia
- » Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) Changes
- March (15)
- » Cyprus Holding Company For Zero Taxes
- » Stamp Duty Land Tax Explained
- » Fifth EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive published
- » Taking Advantage of the UK ISA Allowance Before the Tax Year Ends
- » Malta introduces new guidelines for long term leasing, reducing the vat liability of pleasure yachts
- » EU VAT Number
- » Business Closure Procedure to Avoid Future Taxes
- » Interview with Emily A. Georgiades on Financial Crime by Gold Magazine
- » Increased Interest by High Net Worth Individuals of South Africa for the Cypriot Citizenship by Investment Program
- » A Few Tips for Automatic Exchange of Information Reporting
- » Estate and gift taxes in Cyprus - planning is needed
- » International Tax Landscape shake-up for Multinational Businesses
- » Massive legislation changes affecting Offshore Tax Regimes and Economic Substance Requirements
- » More Corporate and Tax Legislation Changes of Offshore Companies
- » Substance and De-offshorization
- February (8)
- » Setting up and running a business in Cyprus
- » Cyprus introduces stricter rules for citizenship by investment program
- » Cyprus Intellectual Property
- » Andorra for High Net Worth Individuals
- » How to Save Money When Starting a Business
- » BVI Companies make a move towards Tax Transparency
- » Knowing your rights as a victim of financial crime
- » Benefits of Starting a Business in Malaysia
- January (5)
- » Observations of the AGM of Association of Cyprus International Investment Firms
- » Cyprus IBC Capital
- » Three Key Considerations in Establishing your Virtual Currency Investment Fund
- » Lebanon: A Case Study on Efficient Inbound Investment - Tax Structures for Cross-Border Acquisitions
- » Nine Reasons to Work With a Professional When Filing Your Taxes
- December (10)
- 2018
- December (13)
- » Seven ideas for a perfect gift that cost nothing
- » Financial Advisor Hiring 101: What to Ask When Hiring For Your Business
- » The most popular countries in Europe with low taxes
- » Tax amnesty program in Panama for 2018
- » A Tax Advisors Point Of View - Is Malta A Viable Brexit Solution?
- » New rules for property tax and tax homesteads
- » Gibraltar publishes rules implementing EU rules against Tax Avoidance Practices
- » Notaries in Estonia will be empowered to certify documents via video link
- » The Cyprus Tax System Explained in a Simple Way
- » The Power of Sailing BVI Yacht Registration
- » The Intra-Corporate Transfer Regulations
- » 'The UK can unilaterally decide to Remain in the EU' - Advocate General, Court of Justice of the European Union
- » The Accounting Conundrum Solved - Accounting in the UAE Made Simple
- November (9)
- » Rocking Gibraltar
- » Investors: Applying For A Cypriot Passport? Read Our Guide
- » The Draft Withdrawal Agreement and Protocol on Gibraltar
- » Your Essential Guide to Offshore Companies in Dubai
- » Three Best Offshore Asset Structures in Belize
- » What You Need To Know About Standard Banking And Electronic Wallets
- » The Key to a Successful and Family-Friendly Career
- » European Commission proposes new Anti-Money Laundering Directive: 6AMLD
- » Gibraltar Association for New Technologies GANT
- October (9)
- » Financial Substance in Andorra - Part 1 of 2 - How And Why Did It Come About?
- » Financial Substance in Andorra - Part 2 of 2 - How To Comply With Substance In Andorra
- » CySEC: An Overview of the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission
- » Non-Residential Tax Returns in the UK
- » Time Is Running Out For Expats Behind on Taxes
- » GDPR WARNING: Why Not Shredding Your Data Could Cost Your Company Millions
- » Trust and Corporate Services Provider (TCSP) Licensing in Hong Kong
- » Cyprus: The Blockchain-friendly Island
- » Securing Your Children's Future with a Cyprus International Trust
- September (18)
- » 10 Most Common Tax Return Mistakes To Avoid
- » Cryptocurrency and Taxes - What You Need to Know
- » Why Getting HK Tax Residency Certificate & How to Benefit?
- » Investment Funds in Cyprus - A Guide for Global Investors
- » Why Should I Care About The FTSE 100?
- » Asset Protection: Your Personal Insurance
- » Why Switzerland Is The Best Place To Establish A Business
- » New type of funds (Cyprus): The Registered AIF (RAIF)
- » Understanding New York Real Estate Taxes
- » What are Fixed Indexed Annuities?
- » Cyprus Citizenship by Investment
- » Forming and Operating a Fund in Cyprus: A Guide for Emerging Cyprus Fund Managers and Investors
- » Cryptocurrency - a wallet or exchange?
- » Start-Up Dilemma: Things to Consider When Looking for the Perfect Office Space for Your Business to Grow
- » Investing in Self-Storage Real Estate
- » Estonia: Register of Beneficiaries in Force
- » Secure Crypto Currency to Physical Gold OTC Exchanges
- » Wolters Kluwer Tax Expert To Speak At Tax Reform Conference
- August (17)
- » Euro Exim Bank's Involvement with Blockchain Technology
- » Traditional Bank A/C Alternatives to Run Business
- » Iceland - Under The Radar Program
- » Launching an ICO through Cyprus
- » Is Your Significant Controllers Register (SCR) Ready?
- » 3 Simple Techniques For Contractors
- » Did you know that a $10K investment can get you a tax-free company and residency in Dubai ?
- » A Holistic Approach To Regulating Cryptocurrencies And Virtual Financial Assets In Malta
- » Quick overview of Seychelles Legal System
- » Seychelles Updates
- » Notional Interest Deduction (NID) Rules
- » Deduction For Transportation Cost Of Employees Rules
- » VAT Grouping Regulations
- » Malta Ahead Of The Game
- » Seychelles Tax treaties
- » Quick overview of Seychelles business tax
- » Gibraltar Budget 2018
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- April (10)
- » Just Announced: 100% Ownership for Dubai Entrepreneurs
- » Why Hong Kong is Your Essential Business Hub
- » Lasting Powers of Attorney in Gibraltar - the Act comes into force
- » The How and Why: Redomiciling your Business in Singapore
- » GDPR - Key Aspects of the General Data Protection Regulation
- » Trademarks: What is the opposition process?
- » GDPR: What Do You Need To Know
- » Financial Advising: Accounting's New Look
- » Why register a trust in Cyprus?
- » How double taxation treaties work
- March (4)
- February (4)
- January (6)
- » Pension for Life: An Achievable Dream
- » Partnerships in Canada: tax haven or undesirable misfortune?
- » Benefits of Setting Up a Shams Free Zone Company In the United Arab Emirates
- » UAE's most dynamic free zone jurisdiction
- » The Future of Global Taxation
- » Common Standard Of Automatic Exchange Of Information On Tax Matters
- December (13)
- 2017
- December (7)
- » Branch Registration in Poland - Establish branch in Poland
- » Cryptocurrencies and the mainstream - bridging the gap to mass market adoption
- » Gibraltar - DLT Guidance Notes Published
- » The High Net Worth Individual Scheme
- » Middle East Faces Significant Challenges To International Business, Survey Finds
- » What impact will Brexit have on Gibraltar Cross-Border Mergers?
- » Tax minimization methods across the world
- November (4)
- October (7)
- » What you "token" about?
- » Legal "non-disclosure" overseas retirement planning
- » Why is it that more businesses blame poor results on currency movements?
- » Bitcoin Tax Strategies & Corporate Structures: Why Governments Worldwide are Scared of Bitcoin's Incredible Potential
- » Build an Offshore company in Hong Kong
- » Film Production Scheme to be introduced in Cyprus
- » ICO - the new way of fund raising for entrepreneurs
- September (3)
- August (3)
- July (3)
- June (8)
- » Fear Fintech? Embrace Fintech
- » Publication of Guidance Notes related to Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information by Cyprus Tax Department
- » Law Firms and Marketing Strategy
- » Why will accountants, financial advisers and registrars lose their jobs in coming years?
- » Register of Beneficiaries in Estonia
- » Bitcoin, ethereum, crypto currency and block chain - the next industrial revolution - the new gold - from barter to bitcoin
- » Why partnering with a currency broker is a win for you and your clients
- » BEPS - What is it? & What is the cost on Africa?
- May (6)
- » Caribbean Flourishing Due to Citizenship by Investment
- » The New Zealand "Foreign Trust" regime vs the USA "Foreign Trust" Regime
- » How does one legally avoid paying more than 5% in taxes? Move your business to Malta!
- » Guide to the benefits of owning company shares through a discretionary trust
- » Four jurisdictions to start a company in
- » Global Tax Trends And Impact On Offshore Jurisdictions
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- March (4)
- February (18)
- » Exactly which US expats have to file an IRS tax return?
- » The best citizenship by investment programs for 2017
- » Don't make these tax mistakes when you retire
- » How to get a Second Passport and Second Citizenship
- » Still the easiest place in the world to open an offshore bank account
- » Get second residency and pay no tax in these 19 tax-free countries
- » The fastest countries in the world to become a citizen
- » Cyprus introduces rules to implement Country by Country reporting requirements
- » Revised criteria for granting the Cypriot citizenship by investment
- » Potential Non-Dom Solutions: QNUPS
- » Tax Calendar 2017
- » Cyprus Investment Immigration Programmes
- » Reforms to the Taxation of UK Non-Domiciles
- » Potential Non-Dom Solutions: Trusts
- » Restarting the Clock: Residency Solutions for Non-Doms
- » Tax payers given rights to claim deemed deductions on Article 33
- » Declaration of an individual as a non-dom
- » Cyprus Tax Facts 2017
- January (4)
- December (7)
- 2016
- December (5)
- November (4)
- October (2)
- September (2)
- August (5)
- July (5)
- June (8)
- » The Corporate Governance Review - Cyprus 2016
- » Double Tax Treaty between Cyprus and Latvia signed
- » How Canada Taxes Real Estate Gains Of Non-Residents
- » Cyprus - Seychelles collaboration through the double taxation treaty
- » Eight Myths Regarding Being Non-Resident For Canadian Tax Purposes
- » Tax Issues for Non-Resident Actors & Entertainers in Canada
- » The Tax-Efficient Way For Foreign Corporations To Acquire Canadian Corporations
- » Why do online entrepreneurs need to structure their companies carefully?
- May (2)
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- 2015
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- 2014
- December (2)
- November (6)
- » NEWSLETTER: THE NEW PENSION FLEXIBILITY FROM APRIL 2015: THE DETAIL EXPLAINED
- » NEWSLETTER: THE NEW PENSION DEATH TAXES FROM 6.4.15 EXPLAINED
- » NEWSLETTER: NEW CAPITAL ADEQUACY REQUIREMENTS FOR SIPP PROVIDERS AND UNREGULATED INVESTMENTS WITHIN SIPPS
- » QROPS BULLETIN - NOVEMBER 2014
- » Controlled Foreign Companies (CFC) legislation voted by the State Duma
- » Migrating the residence of the target company from Costa Rican jurisdiction raises tax consequences
- October (2)
- September (5)
- August (5)
- July (1)
- June (9)
- » Banking in a Tax Haven isn't what it used to be!
- » Italian Tax Cuts
- » Part-Time Self-Employed Tax Submission
- » Life in the Sun: The Ease of Benefitting from Tax Residence in Malta
- » Cyprus Corporate Governance 2014
- » NEWSLETTER: HMRC tightening up on SSASs, unregulated product providers targeting PSLS, recycling issues, and an international pension conference
- » The Liability of Shareholders for the Tax Debts of a Company
- » Relief from Transfer Pricing for Controlled Foreign Companies
- » DFM Platform SIPP
- May (4)
- » The Dispute Resolution Review [Cyprus], Sixth Edition, Editor Jonathan Cotton
- » QROPS BULLETIN - MAY 2014
- » Malta Individual Investor Program - Facilitating Citizenship Through Investment in the Republic of Malta
- » NEWSLETTER: SIPP opportunities, new investment challenges for IFAs and delays in SSAS registration
- April (3)
- March (6)
- » Thin Capitalization in India
- » NEWSLETTER: Budget 2014: Important changes to pensions
- » QROPS BULLETIN - MARCH 2014
- » NEWSLETTER: Reallocation of assets/Beware if setting up a new scheme to beat the end of the tax year/UK pensions for non-UK residents
- » INSIGHT SIPP
- » Important Things about Home Insurance it is Imperative You Know
- February (8)
- » Murdoch and News Corp Receive $882m Australian Tax Rebate
- » Tom Perkins Believes that Taxes will lead to 'Economic Extinction' of the 1%
- » Weariness of Refund Fraud Heightens as Tax Season Returns
- » QROPS BULLETIN - FEBRUARY 2014
- » NEWSLETTER: CHANGES COMING INTO FORCE ON 6TH APRIL 2014
- » International Civil Fraud - Cyprus
- » New Online Pension Products And Services For Advisers
- » DFM Platform SIPP
- January (3)
- 2013
- December (1)
- November (6)
- October (6)
- » Seminar Invitation: QROPS/QNUPS/IHT Implications/New Platform/Fund Management and Online SIPP
- » Cyprus: Does the Boomerang Really Come Back Sometimes?
- » QROPS BULLETIN: OCTOBER 2013
- » The Importance of Planning
- » Why Malta?
- » NEWSLETTER: Protection update and more reasons why everyone needs to save more
- September (1)
- August (4)
- July (7)
- June (6)
- » Incentives for Third Country Nationals to Invest in Cyprus - Significant Improvements
- » QROPS BULLETIN: JUNE 2013
- » Introducing the ACORN LITE SIPP for Regulated Investments & Bank Accounts
- » Inheritance Tax U-Turn: Expats Must Plan Ahead
- » Landmark Supreme Court Judgment on the Rights of Depositors
- » Newsletter - June 2013
- May (7)
- April (3)
- March (7)
- » Return to 120% of GAD and ensuring SSASs are properly run
- » QROPS for Financial Advisers QROPS Choice
- » Forming a company in Monaco
- » Increase in Minimum Annual Tax Burden in Luxembourg and Restructuring Solution
- » Announcing the Launch of an Isle of Man QNUPS
- » Monaco Residency - easy process?
- » Why consider Monaco?
- February (11)
- » UK Publishes Draft Legislation on Offshore Companies Which Own UK Property
- » New 'Approved Manager' Regulations for Hedge Funds
- » Announcing the Launch of a Guernsey QNUPS
- » Changing Gears - Investment Funds in the British Virgin Islands are Moving from Strength to Strength
- » Asset Tracing Recovery Tools in the BVI
- » Depardieu, taxes and untrodden paths
- » Why you Should Choose the BVI for your Fund
- » Fast and Simple in BVI
- » Guide to Incorporating Companies in the BVI
- » QROPS: An Overview of Jurisdictional Differences
- » QNUPS: An Overview of Jurisdictional Differences
- January (7)
- » New Modifications to the Commercial Code
- » QROPS BULLETIN: JANUARY
- » Why isn't offshore dying?
- » Laws part of the Memorandum agreed for financial assistance to be provided by the Troika voted by Cyprus Parliament
- » The Autumn Statement 2012
- » Dubai - Property ownership through company structures
- » Money Laundering
- 2012
- December (2)
- November (7)
- » The Cyprus International Trusts
- » Increase in minimum annual tax burden in Luxembourg
- » Panama's Banking Center Reports Almost 12% Growth in Assets
- » Why do business in Bulgaria?
- » Setting up an LLC in Dubai
- » BVI Law Holds Even Keel Between Rights of Investors and Rights of Mutual Funds
- » A CHOICE OF NEW SIPPS
- October (8)
- » Offshore Companies Owning UK Residential Property Need To Take Urgent Action
- » QROPS BULLETIN OCTOBER
- » Announcing the Launch of the QROPS TRANSIT SIPP
- » Unisex GAD rates and a new service for defined benefit schemes
- » Will Cyprus collapse?
- » ARBITRATION AS EXPEDITED OPTION FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION
- » Incentives for third country nationals to invest in Cyprus
- » Insight SIPP For Sophisticated Investors
- September (6)
- » Property in SIPP/SSAS and Death Benefit Trap
- » QROPS Bulletin September
- » Panama - Training, Tax Deductible
- » NEWSLETTER: SIPP cash rates, Unisex GAD rates, annuity rates worsen even more - and opportunities for IFAs!
- » SIPP / SSAS: COMMERCIAL PROPERTY MATTERS
- » SIPP / SSAS: COMMERCIAL PROPERTY MATTERS
- August (12)
- » QROPS BULLETIN
- » NEWSLETTER: Warnings for SSASs and those with Enhanced/Fixed Protection, property and illiquidity issues and the true costs of pensions
- » Form a Singapore Company
- » Offshore Companies Owning Uk Residential Property Need To Take Urgent Action
- » U.S. Law Jeopardizes the Panamanian Banking Secrecy
- » The Professional's Toolkit Shelf Companies
- » Weathering the storm
- » Funds article for New Europe
- » Bearer shares: are their days numbered?
- » QROPS BULLETIN August
- » Incorporation In Hong Kong
- » A gateway to the booming Asian market
- July (3)
- June (5)
- May (6)
- » Trusts & Foundations - The Best Tools for Giving...
- » NEWSLETTER: Pensions post 6.4.12 – the new Rules explained
- » Why you should consider Switzerland as part of your international tax planning arrangements?
- » A Different Style : VISTA Trusts 8 years later
- » Securities and investment business regulations in the British Virgin Islands
- » VAT Yacht Leasing Scheme
- March (4)
- February (1)
- January (7)
- » Cyprus Hydrocarbons Exploration and Exploitation: the Legal Framework and Licensing for hydrocarbon reserves in Cyprus' Exclusive Economic Zone
- » Cyprus Investment Firms
- » Outward Investment from Canada - The Offshore Perspective
- » Trade Marks in Cyprus: Registration, Protection and Infringement of Trade Marks and Community Trade Marks in Cyprus
- » The Document Keeping Requirement
- » The Professional's Toolkit - Shelf Companies
- » International Financial Centre Profile
- 2011
- December (3)
- October (5)
- September (2)
- August (5)
- July (6)
- June (2)
- May (6)
- » QROPS / QNUPS: Jurisdictional differences matter to Clients
- » Panama Pacifico: Gateway to the Americas
- » Income Tax Implications for Non-Residents Investing in Canadian Real Estate
- » QROPS Bulletin May 2011
- » QROPS Proposition: SIPP Specialists Hold a Unique Market Position
- » QROPS: Choice of Jurisdictions on Isle of Man
- April (3)
- March (4)
- January (3)
- 2010
- December (2)
- October (1)
- May (3)
- April (2)
- March (1)
- February (1)
- January (1)
- 2009
- October (1)
- September (1)
- August (2)
- April (1)
- January (1)
- 2008
- November (1)
- September (1)
- July (1)
- 2007
- 2006
- 2005
- September (1)
- June (1)
- 2004
- April (1)
- 2003
- 2002
- August (1)
- June (1)
- May (1)
- 2001
- June (1)
- May (1)
- March (1)
- 2000
- November (1)
- October (1)
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